Common Knee Injuries
ACL Tears
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) connects the femur to the tibia and stabilizes the knee during cutting, pivoting motions. ACL tears often occur in sports with sudden stops and changes in direction. Symptoms include a “pop” sound at the time of injury, instability when trying to bear weight, and swelling over 24-48 hours. ACL tears are caused by excessive inward or outward forces on the knee combined with twisting. Non-surgical treatment involves rehab to strengthen leg muscles. Surgical ACL reconstruction using a tissue graft may be needed to restore stability.
Meniscus Tears
The menisci are crescent-shaped cartilage pads between the shin and thigh bones, providing cushioning and shock absorption. Sudden twisting can cause a piece of the meniscus to tear. Symptoms include knee swelling, clicking/locking sensations, and localized pain along the joint line. If the torn piece is mobile, it may catch in the joint and cause locking. Small tears may heal with conservative treatment. Surgery is often needed for larger tears.
Prevention Strategies
Muscle Strengthening
Having strong, balanced leg muscles helps support the knee and absorb impact, reducing injury risk. Focus exercises on the major muscle groups around the hips and knees like the quadriceps, hamstrings, glutes, hips, and calves. Use full range of motion and gradually increase weight and reps. Proper strength training improves sports performance while protecting knees.
Proper Footwear
Choosing supportive athletic shoes for your sport is crucial. Make sure shoes fit well and are designed for your foot type. Replace shoes regularly as cushioning wears down from use. For running, shoes that control pronation can improve alignment and weight distribution, preventing knee pain. Discuss options with staff at your local sports footwear store.
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