Category: Knee ligaments

The research, funded by the British Medical Association, shows that even forms of sport sometimes considered risky by the public, such as cycling, are generally safe, suggesting that the benefits of taking part in fitness activities far outweigh the hazards.

This is the first time in England and Wales that researchers have attempted to describe and quantify the relative risks of trauma from sport or other physical activity. It is hoped that the results of the study will make it easier for both participants and activity organizers to make their activities even safer.

Data for the new study – published today in the journal Injury preventionpublished by BMJ – came from rural hospitals, where participants in sports and exercise showed extensive trauma.

The researchers found that between 2012 and 2017, a total of 11,702 trauma injuries resulted from sports and exercise.

Dr. Sean Williams, researcher at the Department for Health and the Center for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention at the University of Bath, and lead researcher on the study, said: “This work shows that practicing fitness activities is generally a safe and way is to exercise. useful pursuit.

“While no physical activity is completely without risk, the risk of serious injury is extremely low compared to the numerous health and wellness benefits gained from staying active.”

The study examined 61 sports and other physical activities undertaken nationally, regardless of their popularity, and provided a comparable estimate of the risks to participants.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, fitness activities (such as running, golf, dance classes and gym sessions) are the least likely to lead to injury. Running results in 0.70 injuries, golf 1.25 injuries and fitness classes only 0.10 per 100,000 participants/year.

Of the sports with the highest participation, football had the highest incidence of injuries (6.56 injuries/100,000 participants/year), although this is also relatively small.

Motor sports, equestrian sports and gliding (paragliding and hang gliding) were by far the riskiest activities of those surveyed, with motor sports causing 532 injuries, equestrian sports 235 and gliding 191 injuries per 100,000 participants.

The incidence in men (6.4 injuries/100,000 participants/year) was higher than in women (3.3 injuries/100,000 participants/year).

Why is exercise becoming riskier?

Perhaps worryingly, the risk of injury in popular sports and other physical activities is increasing internationally. In Victoria, Australia, for example, the annual number of hospital-treated sports injuries increased by 24% between 2004 and 2010, with an incidence of sports-related major trauma or death of 12.2 per 100,000 participants/year.

This trend is mirrored in Britain. This is highlighted by data from a regional trauma and spine unit, which has found an almost 500% increase in the incidence of serious motorsport accidents in the five years to 2015.

Dr. Madi Davies, lead author of the study and a former postdoctoral researcher at the University of Bath, said: “When I looked at the injuries recorded in 2012 – the year the study started – it was clear that the risks were significantly lower. than in later years of study.”

She called for further research, ‘in real time’, to understand exactly how and why more people are being injured.

She said: “While the finding that more people are being injured may be multi-faceted – trauma data recording has improved during the study, meaning more injuries are now being recorded – it is important that any increase in burden is responded to, and that this data is used to make activities safer.”

Serious injury is a clear burden on hospitalized participants, their families and the NHS. The aim of this research is to reduce these burdens by identifying the injury risk of each activity and then coordinating action.

“Many sports and recreational injuries are preventable,” says Dr. Williams. “Whether that’s through protective equipment, rule or law changes or education, once we identify how and where injuries occur, we can start thinking about ways to prevent them in every sport.”

It is hoped that this work will lead to the development of a national registry with real-time data analysis capabilities. The register would standardize the recording of serious injuries resulting from sport and physical activity, so that trends or patterns of risk can be quickly identified and responded to.

An example where this has already happened concerns trampoline safety. Sales of garden trampolines boomed in 2005 and by 2014 up to 250,000 had been sold in Britain. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA), working with the Royal College of Emergency Medicine, has identified a spike in trampoline-related injuries and made recommendations to improve safety, which range from limiting trampolining to one person at a time, keeping children under the age of six off trampolines and purchasing models that are enclosed in a safety net.

In addition, trampoline manufacturers were supported to meet safety standards, for example by adding padding around trampolines. Commercial partners were also involved to improve safety at trampoline parks.

As a result of the RoSPA directive, serious accidents have fallen significantly.

In the largest study describing the link between participation in football and the likelihood of a reported diagnosis of Parkinson’s, Researchers at the BU CTE Center used a large online dataset of people concerned about having Parkinson’s and found that participants with a history of playing organized football had a 61% greater chance of having a reported diagnosis of Parkinson’s or Parkinson’s.

In this study, the researchers evaluated 1,875 sports participants: 729 men who played football, mainly at the amateur level, and 1,146 men who played non-soccer sports and who served as a control group. Participants took part in Fox Insight, a longitudinal online study of people with and without Parkinson’s, sponsored by the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research.

Notably, researchers found a link between playing football and a greater chance of receiving a diagnosis of parkinsonism or Parkinson’s, even after taking into account known risk factors for Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, the data revealed that players with longer careers and who played at higher levels of competition were more likely to have a reported diagnosis of parkinsonism or Parkinson’s. Football players who played at the college or professional level had a 2.93 higher odds of receiving a PD diagnosis compared to those who just played at the youth or high school level. The age of first exposure to football was not associated with the likelihood of having a reported parkinsonism or Parkinson’s diagnosis.

“Playing tackle football could be a contributing risk factor for Parkinson’s disease, especially among people already at risk due to other factors (e.g. family history). However, the reasons for this relationship are not clear and we also know that not everyone who plays tackle football will develop neurological disorders later in life, meaning that many other risk factors are at play,” says corresponding author Michael L. Alosco, PhD, associate professor of neurology at Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine.

The researchers also emphasized that they compared the football players to another group of athletes, a notable strength of the study. Furthermore, most participants played tackle football exclusively at the amateur level, which contrasts with most research to date that has focused on professional athletes.

“Previous research has focused on the association between American football and the risk of CTE. But similar to what has been historically seen in boxers, American football could also influence the risk of other neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease,” says Hannah Bruce , MSc, first. author and research specialist at Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine.

The researchers acknowledge several limitations to their findings and caution that the work is still preliminary. It was a convenience sample of people who were enriched for having Parkinson’s disease and who were largely white, limiting the generalizability of the findings. Parkinson’s diagnosis was also self-reported by participants via online assessments, but no objective in-person evaluations were conducted.

This work was in collaboration with the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, the sponsor of Fox Insight. The Fox Insight study was used to collect and aggregate the data used in this manuscript. Grant funding also came from NINDS (U54NS115266; K23NS102399).

Although the device has not yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), it could fill an important niche among athletes, doctors, trainers and coaches concerned about the long-term effects of repeated sports-related concussions. These include chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.

The headset — patented by UCSF and licensed by MindRhythm, a medical technology company — recorded changes in what the researchers call “headpulse,” which are subtle forces exerted on the skull as the heart contracts.

The researchers observed how the device performed in 101 young adults who played Australian Rules Football and had suffered 44 concussions. The results appeared on August 11, 2023 JAMA network opened.

On average, the changes detected by the headset lasted twelve days longer than the players’ symptoms.

“We found a mismatch between the symptoms and the changes in biometrics recorded by the device,” said Cathra Halabi, MD, of the UCSF Department of Neurology and the Weill Institute for Neurosciences, the study’s first author. “This raises concerns about relying on symptoms for return-to-play decisions. Delays may be recommended for symptom-free athletes if head pulse abnormalities persist.”

Researchers said the headset should be used in conjunction with medical expertise.

“We believe it can provide crucial objective biometric measurements that can be used by athletes and medical professionals to decide when to return to play,” said senior author Wade S. Smith, MD, PhD, chief of the UCSF Neurovascular Division and co -author. founder of MindRhythm. “The headset is also used to monitor athletes afterwards to ensure measures remain within the normal range.”

Concussion is at risk when physical activity is resumed

Exercising with a concussion puts the brain at increased risk of damage. “There is a rare condition called second impact syndrome, where a second concussion shortly afterward can cause almost immediate brain death,” Smith said.

More commonly, playing sports with a concussion can result in an increased risk of subsequent brain injury, due to symptoms such as slowed reaction time, impaired balance, or impaired vision.

“Recurrent concussions that occur in close succession can lead to more debilitating symptoms that last longer, keeping athletes out of the game,” Halabi said.

Although the headset was tested in young adults, its use may eventually be expanded to minors. MindRhythm hopes to receive FDA approval within a year, says co-founder and CEO John Keane. “The plan is to make the technology available to the medical community, with the most likely areas of interest being sports medicine and concussion clinics,” he said.

Concussed athletes may be able to record their own biometric measurements, the researchers noted. Doctors or sports trainers would monitor the data remotely and provide advice on when it is safe to resume sports and other physical activities.

Dynamic versus static stretching are two common methods for warming up and improving flexibility, but they serve different purposes and are best suited for different situations. Understanding the right type of stretching before and after activity is essential to improve performance and prevent injuries. When young athletes engage in physical activity, they are often encouraged by coaches and parents to stretch prior to the activity. The aim is to prepare the muscles for exercise and reduce the risk of injuries.

Preparing the body for physical activity

A thorough warm-up is intended to prepare the body for physical activity by:

• Increase in core body temperature
• Stimulates blood flow to the arms and legs
• Improving coordinated movement
• Improving range of motion
• Develop body awareness of joint position sense and movement
• Using movement to increase the flexibility of muscles and tendons

Dynamic stretching:

1. Goal: Dynamic stretching involves moving your muscles and joints through a range of motion to increase blood flow, warm up your body, and prepare your muscles and joints for physical activity. It is usually used as part of a warm-up routine before exercise or vigorous exercise.
2. Technology: Dynamic stretching exercises are performed by actively moving your limbs and muscles without assuming a static position. These stretches mimic the movements you perform during your activity. Examples include leg swings, arm circles, walking lunges, high knees and butt kicks.
3. Advantages:
   • Increases blood flow and heart rate.
   • Improves joint mobility and flexibility.
   • Improves neuromuscular coordination.
   • Prepares your body for more intense activities.
   • Reduces the risk of injuries by increasing muscle elasticity.

Static stretching:

1. Goal: Static stretching is used to improve overall flexibility and lengthen muscles. It involves holding a stretched position for an extended period of time, usually 15-30 seconds or more, without any bouncing or dynamic movement. It is often used for a post-exercise cooldown or as part of a general flexibility routine.
2. Technology: Static stretching involves stretching a specific muscle or muscle group to the point of mild discomfort and holding the position without movement. Common static stretches include touching your toes while sitting, stretching your calf against a wall or a standing quad stretch.
3. Advantages:
   • Increases flexibility and range of motion.
   • Helps with muscle relaxation and stress reduction.
   • It can relieve muscle pain and tension.
   • Promotes better posture and body awareness.
   • Best suited for cooldown or recovery after exercise.

To design dynamic stretching programs:

• Exercise continuously, usually in rounds for a total of 10-15 minutes
• Vary the program depending on the athlete’s level
• Start slow and progress to faster and more advanced movements
• Avoid movements that are too intense and tire the muscles.
• Take in the whole body and imitate movements used in specific sports

To design static stretching programs:

• Stay in one position per muscle group
• Hold the stretch for 20-30 seconds
• Repeat the stretch 2-3 times per muscle group
• Treat all muscle groups used in the specific sport

When should you use dynamic versus static stretching?

Dynamic stretching: Use dynamic stretching as part of your warm-up routine before activities that require strength, speed or agility. It is especially useful for sports such as basketball, football or sprinting, which require explosive movements. Dynamic stretching ensures that your muscles and joints are ready for the demands of such activities.

Static stretching: Reserve static stretching for after your workout or as a separate flexibility routine. It helps improve overall flexibility and can be useful for activities such as yoga or Pilates. Static stretching can also be beneficial for relaxation and stress reduction.

Remember that stretching should be done safely and should not cause pain or discomfort. It is essential to warm up your body before doing static stretches to prevent injuries. Incorporating both dynamic and static stretching into your fitness routine can help you maintain optimal flexibility and reduce the risk of injury during physical activities.

For help designing a stretching program, contact a Foothills Sports Medicine Clinic near you and schedule an appointment.

General information

Post-stroke patients with motor dysfunction who were hospitalized in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of our hospital from January 1, 2020 to January 1, 2022, aged 50 to 70 years old, were selected.

Inclusion criteria: [12] ① The patient met the diagnostic criteria for stroke established at the Fourth National Academic Conference on Cerebrovascular Diseases in 1995, [13, 14] and stroke was diagnosed as the primary disease on CT or MRI. ② The time between disease onset and enrollment ranged from two weeks to three months. ③ The patient’s vital signs were stable and the patient was conscious, able to understand the instructions and cooperate with the rehabilitation training. ④ The patient’s score on the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ) was ≥ 25 points. ⑤ The patient signed the required informed consent form. ⑥ Age between 50 and 70 years.

Exclusion criteria: [14] ① The patient suffered from severe cardiac, hepatic or renal insufficiency, a malignant tumor, etc. ② The patient suffered from impaired consciousness, aphasia, mental disorder or severe cognitive impairment. ③ The patient has had other craniocerebral diseases or traumatic sequelae in the past. ④ The patient has previous severe osteoarticular disorders causing abnormal trunk function.

Finally, a total of 100 patients with stroke and motor dysfunction were included, and they were divided into a control group and a trial group according to the random number table, with 50 cases in each group. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in general data such as gender, age, disease course and KVIQ between the two groups, and they were comparable. See Table 1 for details. This study was approved by the local ethics committee (approval number: 2018-ethical review-189) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent.

Treatment methods

The patients in the control group underwent routine rehabilitation therapy and remained in the supine position in the same environment for the same amount of time as the combined trunk motor imagery therapy. Meanwhile, the trial group received both routine rehabilitation therapy and combined trunk motor imagery therapy.

Routine rehabilitation therapy

The training included proper limb positioning, neuromuscular promotion techniques, such as the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique (PNF), Rood’s approach, motor relearning, occupational therapy, daily living training and traditional therapy. The participants received routine rehabilitation therapy for five hours a day, five times a week, for a period of four weeks.

Motor image therapy

The motor imagery therapy training consisted of six steps: [4, 14] ① Illustration of the task: The therapist first demonstrated and explained the content of the imagery training, asking the patients to carefully observe and identify which part of the limb was ‘active’, what kind of movement was to be performed, and the normal movement to master. feeling. ② Preview: Patients were asked to re-imagine the relevant movements. ③ Motor imagery: Patients listened to the motor imagery instruction tape and practiced the imagery. ④ Rehabilitation training: the patients repeatedly practiced the movements of imagery training. ⑤ Problem solving: The patients learned relevant skills through repeated practice. ⑥ Practical application: the patients convert relevant skills into practical skills. Before the motor images, a video of a normal person’s trunk movements was shown, including stable trunk movements with a Bobath ball, and balance movements while sitting, standing, and reaching to move a water cup. The 10-minute video and audio were shown to patients via a computer in a quiet treatment room. During each training session, patients were instructed to close their eyes and sit on a comfortable chair with their bodies relaxed. The patients then imagined the movement of their body based on the specific motor imagery instructions in the video. During the treatment, the therapist occasionally interrupted the patients to ask questions, to see if they could concentrate on the images of the physical movement. At the end of the session, the patients were asked to refocus their attention on their surroundings, after which they were sent back to their room and asked to feel their physical being. The patients were then asked to pay attention to the environmental sounds. Finally, the narrator counted down from 10 to 1, and the patients were asked to open their eyes when the countdown reached 1. A motor imagery video was shown only during the first treatment, after which the patients underwent motor imagery training according to the motor imagery. guidelines for imagery. The motor imagery therapy sessions were conducted for 30 minutes each, with a frequency of five times per week, for a total of four weeks.

Observation indicators and evaluation methods

The evaluation of the patient’s trunk control was performed before treatment and four weeks after treatment using Sheikh trunk control evaluation. The simple Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), the Berg rating scale (BBS), and the balance feedback trainer were used to evaluate the motor and balance functions of the patients. In addition, before and after treatment, the sEMG signals of the bilateral erector spinae and rectus abdominis in the maximum flexion and extension range at a uniform speed under the sitting position were measured by sEMG signals. All evaluations were performed in a blinded manner by the same evaluator.

Sheik Hull Check Evaluation

Sheikh is a scale for evaluating the ability to control the trunk. It involves four movements: turning from the supine position to the hemiplegic side, turning to the healthy side, sitting upright from the supine position and maintaining balance in a sitting position on the bed. The scoring method is: 0 points for non-completion, 12 points for completion but needing some assistance (grasping or leaning on an object), and 25 points for normal completion. A higher total score indicates better trunk control.

BBS rating

The balance function is divided into 14 items, from easy to difficult, and each item is scored based on a five-point scale: 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The highest score is 4 points and the lowest score is 0 points. . The highest integral score is 56 points, the lowest is 0 points. The higher the score, the better the balance function.

Evaluation of motor functions

FMA is used to evaluate motor function in patients. The highest score is 100. The higher the score, the better the patients’ motor functioning will be.

Evaluation of balance feedback training equipment

The ProKin 254P (PK-254P) balance feedback training device, manufactured by TecnoBody Ltd., Italy, was used to test the postural stability of the patients. Stability tests were performed in standing position with eyes open using the static mode of the PK-254P balancer. The standard standing posture includes: ① Bilaterally symmetrical standing with A1A5 as central axis. ② The patients raise their heads and look straight ahead. ③ Both upper limbs are naturally placed on either side of the body. ④ The medial edges of both feet are 10 cm apart and the highest point of the bilateral arches is on axis A3A5. Observation parameters are as follows: movement length, movement area, mean front-back movement speed, and mean left-right movement speed.

sEMG signal acquisition

While the patients are seated on a square stool, their trunk is subjected to anterior flexion and posterior extension in the maximum range at uniform velocity. The Shanghai NCC 8-channel sEMG signal acquisition system was used to acquire the bilateral erector spinae and rectus abdominis myoelectric signals. The electrodes were taped to the 3 cm lateral opening on the left and right sides of the L3 spinous process (erector spinae) and the 3 cm lateral opening on the left and right sides 3 cm above the navel (rectus abdominis). The conductive diameter of the electrodes was 1 cm and the distance between the electrodes was 2 cm. Dandruff and oil were removed with a fine gauze and alcohol before testing. The root mean square (RMS) of myoelectric signals was then analyzed. The test was repeated three times with an interval of 30 seconds to obtain the average value. The RMS of the bilateral rectus abdominis and erector spinae of the two groups was evaluated before treatment and four weeks after treatment.

static analysis

SPSS software version 16.0 was used to analyze the data. The measurement data is expressed as (\(\bar x \pm s\)). Parametric statistics were applied when the data collected met the assumptions of homogeneity of variance and normal distribution. When these assumptions were not met, non-parametric statistics were used. The paired sample T-test was used for pre- and post-treatment comparison within the same group, while the independent sample T-test was used for between-group comparison, and P< 0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.

According to the study, skilled free throw shooters – who could make more than 70% of their shots – performed the shooting motion in a more controlled manner. They had lower knee and center of mass peaks and average angular velocities compared to non-experienced shooters. Also, skilled shooters achieved a greater release height and had less forward torso lean at the point of ball release.

“These findings imply that the movement of basketball shooting is not as simple as some may think. Shooting efficiency cannot simply be attributed to one biomechanical variable. It is based on a mix of multiple segmental body movements performed in a controlled manner,” says Dimitrije. Cabarkapa, lead author of the study and deputy director of the Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory.

The study examined 34 men with at least four years of basketball experience, ranging from recreational to collegiate competitive levels. Each participant attempted 10 free throws with a 10-15 second rest interval between each attempt. A three-dimensional markerless motion capture system developed by the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI Enable, San Antonio, Texas), consisting of nine high-definition cameras (120 fps), was used to capture the biomechanical characteristics of free throw shooting movements and to analyse. .

“We are very interested in analyzing basketball shooting mechanics and what performance parameters distinguish skilled and non-skilled shooters,” Cabarkapa said. “High-speed video analysis is one way we can do that, but innovative technological tools like markerless motion capture systems can allow us to dig even deeper into that. In my opinion, the future of sports science is based on the use of non-invasive and time-efficient testing methods.”

The study, conducted at the Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory, also found that when differentiating between made and missed shots by skilled free throw shooters, an overemphasis on release height could be counterproductive.

“These findings can be metaphorically represented by some healthy habits of daily life. Exercise, drinking water and consuming enough vitamins and minerals are all very beneficial to our health. However, overdoing these things can be harmful in certain cases and can even production of the disease. the opposite effect than expected,” Cabarkapa said.

The study, published in the journal Limits in sports and active life, was co-authored with Damjana Cabarkapa and Andrew Fry of the Jayhawk Performance Athletic Laboratory at KU; Jonathan Miller of KU’s Higuchi Biosciences Center; and Tylan Templin, Lance Frazer and Daniel Nicolella of the Southwest Research Institute.

Using motion capture technology without markers is useful for several reasons, the authors said, because other motion capture systems that use markers to be placed on the skin or clothing have several problems, such as not staying in place and the participant’s awareness of the markers. which can change normal movement patterns. This is crucial when testing in a sport-specific environment, where efficiency is key. The use of markerless motion capture technology enables non-invasive assessment.

Dimitrije Cabarkapa said that, to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to use this motion capture system to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of skilled free throw shooters. Previous research has shown that teams with better free-throw skills, especially late in the game, are more likely to win. Although the current study did not include the effects of fatigue on shooting mechanics and accuracy, researchers hope to investigate that factor in upcoming studies, as well as the effect of the presence of a defender on shooting mechanics and accuracy.

The laboratory is part of the Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, a consortium of researchers investigating optimal human performance. This alliance includes Stanford University, University of Oregon, Boston Children’s Hospital, Salk Institute, University of California San Diego and KU.

“These findings add to the work we have done in the past and to the body of scientific literature related to basketball shooting performance that we are continually expanding in our laboratory,” said Dimitrije Cabarkapa. “We have found that both the preparation and release phases of the shooting motion are critical to achieving solid levels of shooting efficiency. The implementation of innovative technology can allow us to understand the transition phase of the shooting motion and the kinematic chain in more detail Ultimately, our goal is to have an answer to the question every basketball fan wants to know: ‘Why did Steph Curry miss that shot?’”

Alcohol use after injury is associated with prolonged recovery from concussion in NCAA athletes

Chang RC, Singleton M, Chrisman SPD, et al. Alcohol use after injury is associated with prolonged recovery from concussion in NCAA athletes. Clin J Sport Med. Published online 2023:1-8. doi:10.1097/JSM.0000000000001165

https://journals.lww.com/cjsportsmed/Abstract/9900/Postinjury_Alcohol_Use_Is_Associated_With.142.aspx

Take home message

Collegiate athletes can experience long-lasting concussion symptoms if they consume alcohol during recovery. The severity of symptoms may not differ among those who consume alcohol during recovery.

Background

Concussions lead to immediate and variable symptoms that affect quality of life. Many collegiate athletes consume alcohol regularly, but there is no consensus regarding the effects of alcohol consumption after a concussion on symptoms.

Study aim

The authors used a prospective cohort to assess whether alcohol consumption after concussion is associated with resolution of concussion symptoms. The authors also evaluated the impact of alcohol consumption on symptom severity.

Methods

The authors used data from the ongoing Concussion Assessment Research and Education (CARE) Consortium. The authors analyzed data from 29 different clinical sites and 484 of 3,518 athletes with concussion. An athlete who reported consuming at least one alcoholic beverage per week during concussion recovery was considered an alcohol user. The authors used the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) symptom score sheet to track outcomes after concussion.

Results

Athletes who drank alcohol after a concussion took an average of 22 days to return to full participation in sports. This represents a 33% delay in return to play compared to those who did not consume alcohol after injury. On average, those who drank alcohol after a concussion needed about five additional days to return to full-time sports. Additionally, the more alcohol consumed after the concussion, the longer it took for symptoms to resolve. Alcohol consumption had no influence on the severity of symptoms.

Viewpoints

This study clarifies previous research on the relationship between post-concussion alcohol use and delayed symptom resolution. The delay in symptom resolution may contribute to deconditioning among those who have consumed alcohol after a concussion, which could hinder their willingness to contribute to team success. Interestingly, alcohol consumption after an injury does not play a role in the severity of symptoms, according to this study. This suggests that alcohol may slow the healing process rather than causing additional tissue damage. While these results are important, this study did not standardize a “drink.” Therefore, there is a possibility that different types and volumes of alcohol consumed per drink could influence symptom resolution. Furthermore, the authors focused on less than 15% of athletes with a concussion. Therefore, it will be important to replicate these findings to see if they apply to the broader athletic concussion population.

Clinical implications

In practice, physicians should encourage athletes diagnosed with a concussion to reduce alcohol intake or, ideally, to abstain from alcohol consumption until symptoms resolve. Clinicians should also educate athletes about the role alcohol consumption after injury plays in prolonging concussion symptoms.

Questions for discussion

What strategies, if any, do you use to educate athletes about alcohol consumption after a concussion? What changes do you plan to make to patient education based on this research?

related posts

1. Gender-specific predictors of long-term recovery from concussion
2. Suggested answer to the most common question about concussions: How many days until I can play?
3. Concussion: Is Submaximal Exercise Medicine?

Written by Cade Watts
Reviewed by Jeffrey Driban

Through jeff bloom AT, CSCS Ahwatukee FAST

I often get asked by athletes, “What should I eat?” That’s a pretty vague question, and there really isn’t just one answer. However, there are some simple nutritional guidelines that can help an athlete achieve better performance. In general, athletes should eat a diet that is high in carbohydrates, low in saturated fats, and contains enough protein to rebuild the muscle breakdown that occurs during their training.

Carbohydrates for energy

Carbohydrates are our main source of energy and the fuel we need to compete at a high level. a diet that contains 60% of total calories from carbohydrates is recommended for most athletes. These carbohydrates should come from whole wheat pasta/bread, rice, potatoes, fruit and starchy vegetables.

Protein for better performance

All athletes know that egg white is an important nutrient for better performance, but many protein sources also contain saturated fats that should be avoided. Quality protein choices include lmeat, fish, low-fat dairy products, poultry and beans. Protein intake depends on the size of the athlete, the activity the athlete is doing and the athlete’s overall goals. A good rule of thumb is 0.5 – 0.75 g protein/kg body weight. Athletes looking to increase their muscle mass or those who experience extreme muscle wasting during their sport may require higher levels.

Good fats or bad fats?

Fats have a bad reputation, but are also an important part of any diet. Athletes have to make ends meet 20% of their calories from fat. The key is being able to distinguish the ‘good’ fats from the ‘bad’ fats. “Good” or unsaturated fat can be found in nuts, oils and fish.

Finding a good diet plan is a very individual process and depends on a number of variables. Following the steps above will help you build a solid nutritional foundation and get most athletes moving in the right direction. From there, with just a little adjustment, you can compete at a higher level than ever before!

The study, conducted by Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) and published in the New England Journal of Medicine, describes a successful trial of sarilumab. The drug, approved in Britain to treat rheumatoid arthritis, blocked the protein interleukin-6, which can cause inflammation.

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is characterized by pain and morning stiffness in the shoulder and hips and affects people over the age of 50. It can significantly affect quality of life and is currently mainly treated with the steroid glucocorticoids.

Although glucocorticoids can control the condition, more than half of PMR patients experience a relapse of their condition when they reduce their steroid medication. Interleukin-6 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of PMR because circulating elevated levels and increased tissue expression of interleukin-6 have been found in PMR patients.

During the year-long clinical trial conducted by researchers, 118 patients received either twice-monthly injections of sarilumab or a placebo. The sarilumab group received a tapering dose of glucocorticoid for 14 weeks in combination with bimonthly injections of sarilumab, while the placebo group received a tapering dose of glucocorticoid for 52 weeks.

The primary outcome at the end of the study was sustained remission of the condition. This happened in 28% of people taking sarilumab, compared to 10% of people taking the placebo. After achieving remission at 12 weeks, there were more disease flares in the placebo group (57%) compared to those who received sarilumab (24%).

Lead PMR expert and senior author of the study, Professor Bhaskar Dasgupta, from Anglia Ruskin University’s Medical Technology Research Center (ARU), said: “Polymyalgia rheumatica is a poorly managed and neglected condition for which current treatment is unsatisfactory and long time can take. Long-term side effects: Patients may experience relapses while tapering their medications, and very limited treatment options currently exist for these relapses.

“Our findings show promise that sarilumab can be used to treat PMR and improve outcomes for people coming off steroid medications.

“This is an exciting development that has the potential to improve treatment options for a condition common in older people. PMR is the most common reason for long-term steroid prescriptions. Any effective drug that can spare the use of steroids would be a should have a major impact.” on reducing the serious side effects of such steroids, including diabetes, osteoporotic fractures and infections.”

The research was funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.

Epidemiology of bone stress injuries and health care utilization among PAC-12 athletes across the country

[ PMC gratis artikel ][ PubMed ]Wayner RA, Brown CN, Bovbjerg VE, Fredericson M, Soucy MT, Choe S, Simon JE. J Athl train. 2023;10.4085/1062-6050-0089.23 [published online ahead of print, 2023 Jul 18].

Full text freely available

Take home message

Bone stress injuries in cross-country athletes are most common in women, are excessively stressful, and require 10 to 11 shifts of athletic trainers.

Background

The injury rate in cross country running is approximately 4 per 1000 athletic exposures. Some authors have found that bone strain injuries account for ~20% of all injuries nationwide. Patients who sustain a bone strain injury may be at up to six times greater risk for subsequent bone strain injury. Unfortunately, we know little about how common bone stress injuries occur in male and female NCAA Division I cross country athletes and what health care services they receive.

Study objectives

The authors assessed health care utilization, injury rates, and injury characteristics of bone stress injuries in NCAA Division I cross country athletes.

Methods

The authors used deidentified data from the PAC-12 Health Analytics Program injury registry. The registry included data on injuries and health care services entered by athletic trainers from July 2018 to June 2022. The authors classified bone strain injuries as injuries in the lumbar spine, pelvis, or lower extremities. For this article, they excluded cases of medial tibial stress syndrome. The authors categorized injuries into acute or chronic onset and time-loss or non-time-loss injuries. They then calculated health care utilization by counting the number of encounters with a health care provider (athletic trainer or doctor), prescriptions, procedures, or tests. The authors also assessed the time of year the injury occurred: pre-season, during-season, post-season, and off-season.

Results

The number of bone stress injuries was 0.14 per athlete season. The rate of bone stress injury in women was 58% higher than in men. Overall, 92% of bone strain injuries occurred through an overuse mechanism. More specifically, 73% of all bone stress injuries had time loss and overuse classifications. On average, a patient received 10.5 athletic training services. Patients with an overuse and time-loss injury tended to receive slightly more athletic training services than patients with an overuse and non-time-loss injury (10.9 versus 12.2).

Viewpoints

Among Division I collegiate cross country runners, bone stress injuries are common and are usually caused by overuse mechanisms, leading to lost time. These injuries required significant athletic training services, but rarely other health care services (e.g., medications, tests, procedures, surgeries). It would be interesting to see if this pattern continues in other athletic conferences. The authors recognized that the use of athletic training services among these collegiate patients was more important than the use of athletic training services among high school cross country runners. Therefore, we need to carefully apply these results to different age groups.

Clinical implications

Clinicians should promote injury prevention programs for cross country athletes that target overuse injuries, including bone stress injuries. The high demand for athletic training services for this patient population highlights the need for adequate staffing to work with collegiate Division I cross-country skiers.

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Written by Mitchell Barnhart
Reviewed by Jeffrey Driban